中小学书法课现状：随意性强无统一教材(图)教材的选择田英章
| Group of Eight |
|---|
 百度 视觉中国《中国经济周刊》记者谢玮张燕︱全国两会现场报道责编：周琦3月8日，党的十九大后首份国家账本亮相，十三届全国人大一次会议举行代表团全体会议，审查计划报告和预算报告（即《2017年中央和地方预算执行情况与2018年中央和地方预算草案》）。 |
The Group of Eight (G8) was a group made up of Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, Russia (suspended), the United Kingdom and the United States. The European Commission is also represented in the committee. The group has conferences or meetings throughout the year, it researches policies, and has a summit meeting once a year. The heads of government of each G8 country attend the summit meeting.
Each year a different country takes over the presidency of the group for the duration of the year. The country that holds the presidency sets the agenda for the year and hosts the summit for that year. The first G6 meeting was in 1975. Canada joined in 1976, making G7. Russia made it G8 in 1997.
The organization's official 2014 summit was not held in Moscow as previously planned, due to the invasion and takeover of Crimea.[2] On March 24, 2014, all seven member nations voted to suspend Russia from the G-8.[3][4] The meeting was held in Brussels instead, and the G8 will be called G7 since there are now seven leaders.
Overview
[change | change source]The G8 is not considered an international organization because it does not have administrative structure. This means that besides the president, there are no official titles for the members, they are all considered equal. Their meetings are not formal. The goal is to talk about global topics and problems in a relaxed manner.
There are many global problems and issues that can be discussed at meetings. Some common topics of discussion include: health, law enforcement, labor, economic and social development, energy, environment, foreign affairs, justice, terrorism, and trade.
Yearly summit
[change | change source]The annual meeting of G8 leaders is attended by the heads of government[5] and other invited guests. It is usually held for three days in the middle of the year. Each year one of the G8 countries is considered the G8 president. The country of the G8 presidency is responsible for organizing and hosting a summit during that year. The first summit meeting was held in November 1975 in France.[6]
Economic power
[change | change source]The eight countries that make up the G8 represent about 14% of the people in the world but produce over 65% of the world's economic output measured by gross domestic product (GDP).
| 2004 | Population | GDP | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Millions of people | % | Billions of dollars | % | |
| World | 6345.1 | 100.0 | 39833.6 | 100.0 |
 United States
|
350.5 | 4.6 | 12179.9 | 30.7 |
 Japan
|
127.8 | 2.0 | 4749.9 | 11.9 |
 Germany
|
82.6 | 1.3 | 2749.0 | 6.3 |
 United Kingdom
|
59.4 | 0.9 | 2136.4 | 5.2 |
 France
|
60.0 | 0.9 | 1858.7 | 4.7 |
 Italy
|
57.6 | 0.9 | 1503.6 | 3.8 |
 Canada
|
31.9 | 0.5 | 905.6 | 2.3 |
 Russia
|
142.8 | 2.3 | 487.3 | 1.2 |
| G8 | 855.6 | 13.5 | 26270.4 | 66.1 |
Source: World Development Report 2006, World Bank
References
[change | change source]
- ↑ "Russia just quit the G8 for good". Independent.co.uk. 13 January 2017.
- ↑ "G8 summit 'won't be held in Russia'". BBC News. 24 March 2014.
- ↑ Correspondent, By Jim Acosta, CNN Senior White House (24 March 2014). "U.S., other powers kick Russia out of G8 - CNNPolitics". CNN.
{{cite web}}:|last=has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ↑ Smale, Alison; Shear, Michael D. (24 March 2014). "Russia Is Ousted From Group of 8 by U.S. and Allies". The New York Times.
- ↑ Feldman, Adam. "What's Wrong With The G-8," Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Forbes. July 7, 2008; retrieved 2012-3-16.
- ↑ Hajnal, Peter I. (1999). The G8 System and the G20: Evolution, Role and Documentation, p. 30.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Shabecoff, Philip. "Go-Slow Policies Urged by Leaders in Economic Talks; Closing Statement Calls for Sustained Growth Coupled With Curbs on Inflation; Ford's Aims Realized; 7 Heads of Government Also Agree to Consider a New Body to Assist Italy Co-Slow Economic Policies Urged by 7 Leaders," New York Times. June 29, 1976; Chronology, June 1976. Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Halifax G7 Summit 1995". Chebucto.ns.ca. 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ Kirton, John. "A Summit of Substantial Success: The Performance of the 2008 G8"; page 88 and 89 Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine G8 Information Centre — University of Toronto July 17, 2008.
- ↑ "Denver Summit of the Eight". State.gov. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Birmingham G8 Summit, UK, 1998". 2025-08-06. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "1999 G8 summit documents". 2025-08-06. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Kyushu-Okinawa Summit". MOFA. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Vertice di Genova 2001". 2025-08-06. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "UT G8 Info. Centre. Kananaskis Summit 2002. Summit Contents". G8.utoronto.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "G8 - Sommet Evian Summit 2003 - Home". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Sea Island Summit 2004". Georgewbush-whitehouse.archives.gov. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Special Reports | G8_Gleneagles". BBC News. 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "G8". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "G8 Summit 2007 Heiligendamm - G8 SUMMIT". www.g-8.de. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Hokkaido Toyako Summit – TOP". Mofa.go.jp. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "G8 Summit 2009 - official website - The Summit". Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Canada's G8 Plans" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Prime Minister of Canada: Prime Minister announces Canada to host 2010 G8 Summit in Huntsville". Pm.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "2010 Muskoka Summit". Canadainternational.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Le prochain G20 aura lieu à Cannes," Le point. November 12, 2010.
- ↑ The City of Deauville Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine Official 2011 G8 website. Retrieved February 7, 2011.
- ↑ "Home – French Presidency of the G-8". G20-g8.com. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "2012 G8 Summit Relocation". www.g8.utoronto.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "Moscow likely to host G8 summit in 2014 – Dvorkovich". Interfax Europe Ltd. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
Other page
[change | change source]Other websites
[change | change source]- G8 research group, "G8 Research Group's Information Centre" Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine, utoronto.ca
- "Special Report: G8", Guardian Unlimited
- "Profile: G8", BBC News
- "We are deeply concerned. Again", New Statesman, 4 July 2005, - G8 development concerns since 1977
