Low Countries

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The Low Countries is a term used to refer to a geographical region, especially during the Middle Ages.^[1] This region is around the deltas of the Rhine, the Scheldt and the Meuse (Maas). Today, the Low Countries consists of the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, and the parts of Lower-Saxony (in Germany) that are in the region. Sometimes, the French Netherlands (Nord-Pas-de-Calais) are included as well.^[2]^[3]

The Dutch name of the Netherlands is Nederland, which literally means low country. The region was usually referred to as de Nederlanden.^[4]^[5]^[6]

The term Low Countries historically referred to the region under the Dukes of Burgundy, who distinguished it from their geographically separated territories, such as the Duchy of Burgundy, by calling it *les pays de par de?à* ("the lands over here"). Over time, this evolved into *Pays-Bas* ("Low Countries"). Today, the term often aligns with the political boundaries of the Benelux countries: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg.^[7]^[8]

References

↑ Braudel, Fernand (2025-08-06). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. III: The Perspective of the World. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08116-1.
↑ Buys, Ruben (2015). Sparks of Reason: Vernacular Rationalism in the Low Countries, 1550-1670. Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 978-90-8704-515-9.
↑ Park, Jehoon; Pempel, T. J.; Kim, Heungchong (2025-08-06). Regionalism, Economic Integration and Security in Asia: A Political Economy Approach. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85793-127-6.
↑ "History of Luxembourg: Primary Documents - EuroDocs". eudocs.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
↑ Great Britain. War Office (1922). Statistics of the military effort of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914-1920. Robarts - University of Toronto. London H.M. Stationery Off.
↑ Hermans, Theo (2009). A Literary History of the Low Countries. Camden House. ISBN 978-1-57113-293-2.
↑ "Low Countries". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
↑ Ronald, Susan (2025-08-06). Heretic Queen: Queen Elizabeth I and the Wars of Religion. Macmillan + ORM. ISBN 978-1-250-01521-1.

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[1] Braudel, Fernand (2025-08-06). Civilization and Capitalism, 15th-18th Century, Vol. III: The Perspective of the World. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-08116-1.

[2] Buys, Ruben (2015). Sparks of Reason: Vernacular Rationalism in the Low Countries, 1550-1670. Uitgeverij Verloren. ISBN 978-90-8704-515-9.

[3] Park, Jehoon; Pempel, T. J.; Kim, Heungchong (2025-08-06). Regionalism, Economic Integration and Security in Asia: A Political Economy Approach. Edward Elgar Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85793-127-6.

[4] "History of Luxembourg: Primary Documents - EuroDocs". eudocs.lib.byu.edu. Retrieved 2025-08-06.

[5] Great Britain. War Office (1922). Statistics of the military effort of the British Empire during the Great War, 1914-1920. Robarts - University of Toronto. London H.M. Stationery Off.

[6] Hermans, Theo (2009). A Literary History of the Low Countries. Camden House. ISBN 978-1-57113-293-2.

[7] "Low Countries". TheFreeDictionary.com. Retrieved 2025-08-06.

[8] Ronald, Susan (2025-08-06). Heretic Queen: Queen Elizabeth I and the Wars of Religion. Macmillan + ORM. ISBN 978-1-250-01521-1.

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