书五行属性是什么
| Romani | |
|---|---|
| romani ?hib | |
Native speakers | c. 1.5 million (SIL Ethnologue) (2015)[1] |
| Official status | |
Recognised minority language in | |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-2 | rom |
| ISO 639-3 | rom – inclusive codeIndividual codes: rmn – Balkan Romanirmn – Rumelian Romanirml – Baltic Romanirmc – Carpathian Romanirmf – Finnish Kalormo – Sinte Romanirmy – Vlax Romanirmw – Welsh-Romani |
| Glottolog | roma1329 |
Romani or Romany (native name: romani ?hib) is the language of the Roma. The Indo-Aryan Romani language should not be confused with either Romanian (spoken by Romanians), or Romansh (spoken in parts of southeastern Switzerland), both of which are Romance languages.
The language developed outside from India, in Roman province Egypt, by Indian traders from different areas of India, who settled at the red sea coast in Egypt. It is based by Sanskrit and Prakrit, but strongly influenced by Ancient Greek, and Persian language, Old Church Slavonic, some words from the Coptic language, like rōmi man.Loanwords from other languages in Romani make it possible to trace the pattern of their migration westwards. There are many different dialects.[8]
Distribution
[change | change source]The following table shows the distribution of Romani speakers in Europe according to Bakker et al. (2000) [1]. The last column shows the percentage of Romani speakers in the Roma population in each country.
| Country | Speakers | % |
|---|---|---|
| Albania | 90,000 | 95% |
| Austria | 20,000 | 80% |
| Belarus | 27,000 | 95% |
| Belgium | 10,000 | 80% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 40,000 | 90% |
| Bulgaria | 350,000 | 80% |
| Croatia | 28,000 | 80% |
| Czech Republic | 140,000 | 50% |
| Denmark | 1,500 | 90% |
| Estonia | 1,100 | 90% |
| Finland | 3,000 | 90% |
| France | 215,000 | 70% |
| Germany | 85,000 | 70% |
| Greece | 160,000 | 90% |
| Hungary | 260,000 | 50% |
| Italy | 42,000 | 90% |
| Latvia | 18,500 | 90% |
| Lithuania | 4,000 | 90% |
| Macedonia | 215,000 | 90% |
| Moldova | 56,000 | 90% |
| Netherlands | 3,000 | 90% |
| Poland | 4,000 | 90% |
| Romania | 433,000 | 80% |
| Russia | 405,000 | 80% |
| Serbia and Montenegro | 380,000 | 90% |
| Slovakia | 300,000 | 60% |
| Slovenia | 8,000 | 90% |
| Spain | 1,000 | 1% |
| Sweden | 9,500 | 90% |
| Turkey | 280,000 | 10% |
| Ukraine | 113,000 | 90% |
| United Kingdom | 1,000 | 0.5% |
Notes and references
[change | change source]- ↑ Romani Project: Numbers and distribution Archived 2025-08-05 at the Wayback Machine, University of Manchester
- ↑ Romani language at Ethnologue (19th ed., 2016)
- ↑ "Ley de lenguas nativas" (PDF) (in Spanish). Bogotá: Ministry of Culture of Colombia. 2010. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "Regional- und Minderheitensprachen" (PDF) (in German). Berlin: Federal Ministry of the Interior. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "National and Ethnic Minorities in Hungary" (PDF). Facts About Hungary (in Hungarian). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "National minorities and minority languages". Swedish Ministry for Integration and Gender Equality. 2007. Archived from the original on February 7, 2012. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "Law of Ukraine "On Principles of State Language Policy"". Document 5029-17, Article 7: Regional or minority languages Ukraine, Paragraph 2. Government of Ukraine. 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- ↑ "ROMANI Project - Manchester". Archived from the original on 2025-08-05. Retrieved 2025-08-05.
- Bakker Peter et al. 2000. What is the Romani language? Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press.
- Hancock, Ian. 2001. Ame sam e rromane d?ene / We are the Romani People. The Open Society Institute, New York.
- Lee, Ronald. 2005. Learn Romani Das-dúma Rromanes Hatfield: University of Hertfordshire Press
- Masica, Colin. 1991. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Matras, Yaron. 2002. Romani: A linguistic introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Sar?u, Gheorghe. 1997. Rromii, India ?i limba rromani. Bucure?ti.
- Sar?u, Gheorghe. 2000. Dic?ionar rrom-roman / Dikcionaro rromano-rumunikano. Dacia, Cluj-Napoca. ISBN 973-35-0987-6.
Other websites
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