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The European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages (ECRML) is a European treaty that was adopted in 1992.
It was designed by the Council of Europe to protect and promote historical regional and minority languages in Europe. It applies only to languages traditionally used by the nationals of the State Parties that are very different from the majority or official language. The treaty does not protect languages that are used by recent immigrants from other countries. Also, the treaty does not protect local dialects of the official or majority language.
To be protected, a language must be spoken either by the people living in a region or area of the country or by a minority in the country as a whole (languages such as Yiddish and Romani are covered by the treaty even if there is no "Romani region").
National official languages are not covered by the treaty, but some regional official languages are. For example, Catalan is official only in a region of Spain and so can benefit from the treaty. However, Irish cannot because it is an official language in Ireland even if it is a minority language. However, Irish is protected in Northern Ireland because it is not an official or national language of the United Kingdom.
France has signed the treaty, but the French constitution does not allow the government to support a language other than French.
There are two levels of protection. Every country that signed the treaty must give all qualifying languages the lower level of protection. Countries may decide to give some languages the higher level of protection. Countries then must do 35 things.
Languages protected under the Charter
[change | change source]Here are the countries that have ratified the Charter and the languages for which the ratification was made:
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Part II applied to: Part III applied to:
Ukraine does not specify languages by name, but rather ratifies on behalf of "the languages of the following ethnic minorities of Ukraine":[12] Not counted are Rusyns (Ruthenians), because Ukraine (unlike neighboring countries) denies them separate ethnic and linguistic status.
The Government of the United Kingdom declares [on 23 April 2003] that the Charter should extend to the Isle of Man, being a territory for whose international relations the Government of the United Kingdom is responsible.[13][14][15]
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Related pages
[change | change source]- European languages
- Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities
- Languages of the European Union
- Language policy in France
- Universal Declaration of Linguistic Rights
- Vergonha
References
[change | change source]- ↑ Austria has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific L?nder
- ↑ Notes Verbales accompanying the Danish ratification specified that, whilst the Charter was not going to be ratified in respect of the two languages, Faroese and Greenlandic are each official in their respective territories
- ↑ Germany has ratified the Charter for each language in respect of specific L?nder
- ↑ "Report of the Committee of Experts on Luxembourg, December 2008" (PDF). Coe.int. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "European charter for regional or minority languages". Regjeringen.no. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ "List of declarations made with respect to treaty No. 148". Conventions.coe.int. Archived from the original on 2025-08-06.
- ↑ [1] Archived November 6, 2011, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Ratified as Serbia and Montenegro on December 22, 2005
- ↑ [2] Archived March 11, 2012, at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ Web page of Council of Europe, Reservations and Declarations for Treaty No.148 - European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages
- ↑ "Aplicación de la Carta en Espa?a, Segundo ciclo de supervisión. Estrasburgo, 11 de diciembre de 2008. A.1.3.28 pag 7 ; A.2.2.5" (PDF). Coe.int. p. 107. Retrieved 2025-08-06.
- ↑ As of[update] July 2007, Ukraine's entry on the Council of Europe site Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine states the following Ukraine declares that the provisions of the Charter shall apply to the languages of the following ethnic minorities of Ukraine : Belarusian, Bulgarian, Gagauz, Greek, Jewish, Crimean Tatar, Moldavian, German, Polish, Russian, Romanian, Slovak and Hungarian.
- ↑ "Full list". Treaty Office.
- ↑ "Full list". Treaty Office.
- ↑ "Languages covered by the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages" (PDF). Coe.int. Retrieved 21 October 2017.
Other websites
[change | change source]
- European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages page (Legal Affairs, Council of Europe)
- More information Archived 2025-08-06 at the Wayback Machine
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